Bangladesh

People's Republic of Bangladesh

South Asia Dhaka

Population

174.37M

Area

148,460 km²

GDP

$450.12B

GDP Per Capita

$8,500

Pop. Density

1,175/km²

Quick Facts

Currency

৳Bangladeshi taka(BDT)

Calling Code

+880

Timezone

UTC+06:00

Languages

Bengali

Driving Side

left

Demonym

Bangladeshi

Background

The huge delta region at the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River systems -- now referred to as Bangladesh -- was a loosely incorporated outpost of various empires for much of the first millennium A.D. Muslim conversions and settlement in the region began in the 10th century, primarily from Arab and Persian traders and preachers. Europeans established trading posts in the area in the 16th century. Eventually the area known as Bengal, which is primarily Hindu in the western section and mostly Muslim in the eastern half, became part of British India. After the partition of India in 1947, the Muslim-majority area became East Pakistan. Calls for greater autonomy and animosity between the eastern and western areas of Pakistan led to a Bengali independence movement. That movement, led by the Awami League (AL) and supported by India, won the independence war for Bangladesh in 1971.

The military overthrew the post-independence AL government in 1975, the first of a series of military coups that resulted in a military-backed government and the subsequent creation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) that took power in 1979. That government also ended in a coup in 1981, followed by military-backed rule until democratic elections were held in 1991. The BNP and AL alternated in power from 1991 to 2008, with the exception of a military-backed, emergency caretaker regime in 2007. The country returned to fully democratic rule in 2008 with the election of the AL and Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA. With the help of international development assistance, Bangladesh is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries (LDC) list in 2026.

The economy has grown at an annual average of about 6.25% for the last two decades. Poverty declined from 11.8 percent in 2010 to 5.0 percent in 2022, based on the international poverty line of $2.15 a day (using 2017 Purchasing Power Parity exchange rate). The country made a rapid recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, but still faces economic challenges.

Historical Trends

GDP (USD)

↑526.9% since 2006

$72B (2006)$450B (2024)

Population

↑18.5% since 2006

146.4M (2006)173.6M (2024)

Life Expectancy at Birth

Latest: 74.7 years

2006: 66.0 years2023: 74.7 years

Data source: World Bank Open Data

Geography19

Location

Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India

Geographic coordinates

24 00 N, 90 00 E

Map references

Asia

Area

total : 148,460 sq km
land: 130,170 sq km
water: 18,290 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than Pennsylvania and New Jersey combined; slightly smaller than Iowa

Land boundaries

total: 4,413 km
border countries: Burma 271 km; India 4,142 km

Coastline

580 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 18 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: to the outer limits of the continental margin

Climate

tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)

Terrain

mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast

Elevation

highest point: Mowdok Taung 1,060 m
lowest point: Bay of Bengal 0 m
mean elevation: 85 m

Natural resources

natural gas, arable land, timber, coal

Land use

agricultural land

72.3% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 60.6% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 7.1% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 4.6% (2023 est.)

forest

14.4% (2023 est.)

other

13.3% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land

83,690 sq km (2022)

Major rivers (by length in km)

Brahmaputra river mouth (shared with China [s] and India) - 3,969 km; Ganges river mouth (shared with India [s]) - 2,704 km

note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Indian Ocean drainage: Brahmaputra (651,335 sq km), Ganges (1,016,124 sq km)

Major aquifers

Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin

Natural hazards

droughts; cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season

Geography - note

most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal

People & Society35

Population

total: 174,370,536 (2025 est.)
male: 83,908,720
female: 90,461,816

Nationality

noun: Bangladeshi(s)
adjective: Bangladeshi

Ethnic groups

Bengali at least 99%, other indigenous ethnic groups 1% (2022 est.)

Languages

Languages: Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.)
major-language sample(s):

বিশ্ব ফ্যাক্টবুক, মৌলিক তথ্যের অপরিহার্য উৎস (Bangla)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions

Muslim 91%, Hindu 8%, other 1% (2022 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 25.1% (male 21,540,493/female 20,800,712)
15-64 years: 67.1% (male 55,071,592/female 58,180,322)
65 years and over: 7.8% (2024 est.) (male 6,096,167/female 7,007,898)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 54.6 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 43.5 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 11.1 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio: 9 (2025 est.)

Median age

total: 27.8 years (2025 est.)
male: 28.7 years
female: 30.4 years

Population growth rate

0.91% (2025 est.)

Birth rate

19.45 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

6.05 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Net migration rate

-4.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 40.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population

23.210 million DHAKA (capital), 5.380 million Chittagong, 955,000 Khulna, 962,000 Rajshahi, 964,000 Sylhet, 906,000 Bogra (2023)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

18.6 years (2017/18 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

115 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 22 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
male: 31.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 75.2 years (2024 est.)
male: 73.1 years
female: 77.5 years

Total fertility rate

2.25 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

1.1 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban

urban: 98.3% of population (2022 est.)

improved: rural

rural: 98.5% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 98.4% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 1.7% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 1.5% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 2.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 1.2% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density

0.72 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Hospital bed density

0.9 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban

urban: 90.3% of population (2022 est.)

improved: rural

rural: 81.4% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 84.9% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 9.7% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 18.6% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 15.1% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

3.6% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 29.7% (2025 est.)
male: 47.6% (2025 est.)
female: 12.5% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

21.7% (2022 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

80.6% (2022 est.)

Child marriage

women married by age 15: 15.5% (2019)
women married by age 18: 51.4% (2019)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 11.9% national budget (2025 est.)

Literacy

total population: 79% (2022 est.)
male: 81.4% (2022 est.)
female: 76.5% (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 11 years (2023 est.)
male: 11 years (2023 est.)
female: 12 years (2023 est.)

Government24

Country name

conventional long form

People's Republic of Bangladesh

conventional short form

Bangladesh

local long form

Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh

local short form

Bangladesh

former

East Bengal, East Pakistan

etymology

the name is a compound of the Bengali words Bangla (Bengali) and desh (country)

Government type

parliamentary republic

Capital

name: Dhaka
geographic coordinates: 23 43 N, 90 24 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the origins of the name are unclear, but it may be derived from either the dhak tree or Dhakeshwari, a goddess with a shrine in the city

Administrative divisions

8 divisions; Barishal, Chattogram, Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet

Legal system

common law, incorporating elements of English common law; since independence, statutory law has been the primary form of legislation; Islamic law applies to Muslims in family and inheritance laws, with Hindu personal law applying to Hindus and Buddhists

Constitution

history: previous 1935, 1956, 1962 (pre-independence); latest enacted 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended March 1982, restored November 1986
amendment process: proposed by the House of the Nation; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the House membership and assent of the president of the republic

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Bangladesh
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but limited to select countries
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state

President Mohammad SHAHABUDDIN Chuppi (since 24 April 2023)

head of government

Interim Prime Minister Muhammad YUNUS (since 8 August 2024)

cabinet

Cabinet selected by the prime minister, appointed by the president

election/appointment process

president indirectly elected by the National Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the president appoints as prime minister the majority party leader in the National Parliament

most recent election date

13 February 2023

election results

President Mohammad SHAHABUDDIN Chuppi (AL) elected unopposed by the National Parliament; Sheikh HASINA reappointed prime minister for a fifth term following the 7 January 2024 parliamentary election but fled the country on 5 August 2024 following mass protests against her government in July and August 2024; Mohammad YUNIS was appointed as interim Prime Minister on 8 August 2024

expected date of next election

2028

Legislative branch

expected date of next election: February 2026

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Bangladesh (organized into the Appellate Division with 7 justices and the High Court Division with 99 justices)
judge selection and term of office: chief justice and justices appointed by the president; justices serve until retirement at age 67
subordinate courts: civil courts include: Assistant Judge's Court; Joint District Judge's Court; Additional District Judge's Court; District Judge's Court; criminal courts include: Court of Sessions; Court of Metropolitan Sessions; Metropolitan Magistrate Courts; Magistrate Court; special courts/tribunals

Political parties

Awami League or AL
Bangladesh Jamaat-i-Islami or JIB
Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP
Islami Andolan Bangladesh
Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction)
Jatiya Party or JP (Manju faction)
National Socialist Party (Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal) or JSD
Workers Party or WP

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission

Ambassador Tareq Md Ariful ISLAM (since 5 September 2025)

chancery

3510 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone

[1] (202) 244-0183

FAX

[1] (202) 244-2771

email address and website

mission.washington@mofa.gov.bd

Embassy of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Washington, DC (mofa.gov.bd)

consulate(s) general

Los Angeles, Miami, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Ambassador-designate Brent CHRISTENSEN (since 12 January 2026)

embassy

Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka - 1212

mailing address

6120 Dhaka Place, Washington DC  20521-6120

telephone

[880] (2) 5566-2000

FAX

[880] (2) 5566-2907

email address and website

DhakaACS@state.gov

https://bd.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation

ADB, ARF, BIMSTEC, C, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSCA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence

16 December 1971 (from Pakistan)

National holiday

Independence Day, 26 March (1971); Victory Day, 16 December (1971)

Flag

description: green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the left

meaning: the red disk represents the rising sun and the sacrifice to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush vegetation of Bangladesh

National symbol(s)

Bengal tiger, water lily

National color(s)

green, red

National coat of arms

the water lily is the national flower and symbolizes promise, aesthetics, and elegance; the water under the lily, the rice sheaves on the sides, and the jute leaves at the top represent the Bangladeshi landscape and economy; the four stars represent the aims and ambition of the nation

National anthem(s)

title: "Amar Shonar Bangla" (My Golden Bengal)
lyrics/music: Rabindranath TAGORE
history: adopted 1971; Rabindranath TAGORE, a Nobel laureate, also wrote India's national anthem

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 3 (2 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Bagerhat Historic Mosque (c); Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur (c); Sundarbans (n)

Economy32

Economic overview

one of the fastest growing emerging market economies; strong economic rebound following COVID-19; significant poverty reduction; exports dominated by textile industry; weakened exports and remittances resulted in declining foreign exchange reserves and 2022 IMF loan request

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $1.473 trillion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $1.413 trillion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $1.336 trillion (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Real GDP growth rate 2024: 4.2% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 5.8% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 7.1% (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita

Real GDP per capita 2024: $8,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $8,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $7,900 (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$450.119 billion (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 10.5% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 9.9% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 7.7% (2022 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 11.2% (2024 est.)
industry: 34.1% (2024 est.)
services: 51.4% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption

70.1% (2024 est.)

government consumption

5.9% (2024 est.)

investment in fixed capital

30.7% (2024 est.)

investment in inventories

0% (2024 est.)

exports of goods and services

10.5% (2024 est.)

imports of goods and services

-16.3% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

rice, milk, potatoes, maize, sugarcane, onions, jute, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, tropical fruits (2023)

Industries

cotton, textiles and clothing, jute, tea, paper, cement, fertilizer, sugar, light engineering 

Industrial production growth rate

3.5% (2024 est.)

Labor force

77.355 million (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate

Unemployment rate 2024: 4.7% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 4.5% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 4.6% (2022 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 11.5% (2024 est.)
male: 13.7% (2024 est.)
female: 9.2% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

18.7% (2022 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 33.4 (2022 est.)

Average household expenditures

on food: 52.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 2.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.5% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 27.4% (2022 est.)

Remittances

Remittances 2024: 6% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 5.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Budget

revenues: $39.849 billion (2021 est.)
expenditures: $51.558 billion (2021 est.)

Public debt

Public debt 2016: 33.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

7.6% (of GDP) (2021 est.)

Current account balance

Current account balance 2024: $1.87 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $4.388 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$14.438 billion (2022 est.)

Exports

Exports 2024: $53.848 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $58.885 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $60.066 billion (2022 est.)

Exports - partners

USA 16%, Germany 15%, UK 8%, Spain 7%, Poland 6% (2023)

Exports - commodities

garments, footwear, fabric, textiles, trunks and cases (2023)

Imports

Imports 2024: $74.96 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $73.172 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $93.635 billion (2022 est.)

Imports - partners

China 34%, India 17%, Indonesia 5%, Singapore 5%, Malaysia 4% (2023)

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, cotton fabric, natural gas, cotton, fabric (2023)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $21.395 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $21.86 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $33.747 billion (2022 est.)

Debt - external

Debt - external 2023: $58.02 billion (2023 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

taka (BDT) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2024

115.604 (2024 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

106.309 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

91.745 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

85.084 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2020

84.871 (2020 est.)

Energy8

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 99.4% (2022 est.)
electrification - urban areas: 100%
electrification - rural areas: 99.3%

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 22.699 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 107.285 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 9.407 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 8.279 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 98.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 2 (2025)

Coal

production: 767,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 14.05 million metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 13.305 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 3.26 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum

total petroleum production: 13,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 263,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 28 million barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas

production: 22.334 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 29.119 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 6.785 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 126.293 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 11.472 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications6

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 285,000 (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2024 est.) less than 1

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 188 million (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (2024 est.)

Broadcast media

state-owned Bangladesh Television (BTV) broadcasts nationally; some channels operate via satellite; the government also owns a medium-wave radio channel and some private FM radio news channels; of the 41 approved TV stations, 26 are currently being used to broadcast, and 23 operate under private management via cable distribution

Internet country code

.bd

Internet users

percent of population: 45% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 12.9 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.)

Transportation6

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports

17 (2025)

Heliports

36 (2025)

Railways

total: 2,460 km (2014)
narrow gauge: 1,801 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
broad gauge: 659 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge

Merchant marine

total: 558 (2023)
by type: bulk carrier 68, container ship 10, general cargo 170, oil tanker 162, other 148

Ports

total ports

2 (2024)

large

medium

small

very small

ports with oil terminals

key ports

Chittagong, Mongla

Military & Security7

Military and security forces

Armed Forces of Bangladesh (aka Bangladesh Defense Force): Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Air Force

Ministry of Home Affairs: Bangladesh Police, Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), Bangladesh Coast Guard, Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), Ansars, Village Defense Party (VDP) (2025)

Military expenditures

Military Expenditures 2024: 0.9% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 1.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths

information varies; approximately 170,000 active Armed Forces (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

much of the military's inventory is comprised of Chinese- and Russian-origin equipment, but in recent years suppliers have expanded to include Germany, Turkey, the UK, and the US (2025)

Military service age and obligation

varies by service, but generally 17-23 for voluntary military service; length of service also varies (2025)

Military deployments

approximately 1,400 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,700 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO; plus about 200 police); 120 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,600 South Sudan (UNMISS); 500 Sudan (UNISFA) (2024)

Military - note

the military’s primary responsibility is external defense but it also has a domestic security role; following widespread domestic protests in September 2024, the Army was given law enforcement powers, including making arrests, conducting searches, and dispersing unlawful assemblies; the military has traditionally been a significant player in the country's politics and has commercial business interests in such areas as banking, food, hotels, manufacturing, real estate, and shipbuilding, and manages government infrastructure and construction projects

the military has a long history of participating in UN peacekeeping missions, which has provided operational experience and a source of funding; it runs an international institute for the training of peacekeepers; the military also conducts multinational and bilateral exercises with foreign partners, particularly India (2025)

Transnational Issues1

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees: 1,005,637 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 756,743 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 1,005,520 (2024 est.)

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