Czechia
Czech Republic
Europe Prague
Population
10.84M
Area
78,867 km²
GDP
$345.04B
GDP Per Capita
$48,000
Pop. Density
137/km²
Quick Facts
Currency
KčCzech koruna(CZK)
Calling Code
+420
Timezone
UTC+01:00
Languages
Czech, Slovak
Driving Side
right
Demonym
Czech
Background
At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia, a parliamentarian democracy. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory that today comprises Czechia, and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence when the pro-Soviet Communist party staged a coup in February 1948. In 1968, an invasion by fellow Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. The country formally added the short-form name Czechia in 2016, while also continuing to use the full form name, the Czech Republic.
Historical Trends
GDP (USD)
↑122.1% since 2006$156B (2006)$347B (2024)
Population
↑6.5% since 200610.2M (2006)10.9M (2024)
Life Expectancy at Birth
Latest: 79.9 years2006: 76.5 years2023: 79.9 years
Data source: World Bank Open Data
Geography19
Location
Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria
Geographic coordinates
49 45 N, 15 30 E
Map references
Europe
Area
total : 78,867 sq km
land: 77,247 sq km
water: 1,620 sq km
land: 77,247 sq km
water: 1,620 sq km
Area - comparative
about two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina
Land boundaries
total: 2,046 km
border countries: Austria 402 km; Germany 704 km; Poland 699 km; Slovakia 241 km
border countries: Austria 402 km; Germany 704 km; Poland 699 km; Slovakia 241 km
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Terrain
Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
Elevation
highest point: Snezka 1,602 m
lowest point: Labe (Elbe) River 115 m
mean elevation: 433 m
lowest point: Labe (Elbe) River 115 m
mean elevation: 433 m
Natural resources
hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land
Land use
agricultural land
45.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 32.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 12.5% (2023 est.)
forest
38.2% (2023 est.)
other
16% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
220 sq km (2022)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Labe (Elbe) river source (shared with Germany [m]) - 1,252 km
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations
Natural hazards
flooding
Geography - note
note 1: landlocked; strategically located on some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe
note 2: the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed freshwater cave at 519 m (1,703 ft); its survey is not complete, and it may be up to 800-1,200 m (2,625-3,937 ft) deep
note 2: the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed freshwater cave at 519 m (1,703 ft); its survey is not complete, and it may be up to 800-1,200 m (2,625-3,937 ft) deep
People & Society33
Population
total: 10,838,703 (2025 est.)
male: 5,337,128
female: 5,501,575
male: 5,337,128
female: 5,501,575
Nationality
noun: Czech(s)
adjective: Czech
adjective: Czech
Ethnic groups
Czech 57.3%, Moravian 3.4%, other 7.7%, unspecified 31.6% (2021 est.)
Languages
Languages: Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)
major-language sample(s):
World Factbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
World Factbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.7% (male 871,303/female 826,896)
15-64 years: 63.8% (male 3,542,298/female 3,373,127)
65 years and over: 20.5% (2024 est.) (male 922,136/female 1,302,130)
15-64 years: 63.8% (male 3,542,298/female 3,373,127)
65 years and over: 20.5% (2024 est.) (male 922,136/female 1,302,130)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 24.3 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 32.2 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio: 3.1 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 24.3 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 32.2 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio: 3.1 (2025 est.)
Median age
total: 44.4 years (2025 est.)
male: 42.7 years
female: 45.7 years
male: 42.7 years
female: 45.7 years
Population growth rate
-0.02% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
9.56 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.82 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
2.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations
Urbanization
urban population: 74.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.323 million PRAGUE (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.5 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
male: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.6 years (2024 est.)
male: 75.6 years
female: 81.8 years
male: 75.6 years
female: 81.8 years
Total fertility rate
1.73 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.84 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural
rural: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 9.5% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 16.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 16.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
4.35 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Hospital bed density
6.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
26% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 12.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 6.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 2.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 3.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 6.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 2.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 3.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 26.8% (2025 est.)
male: 30.8% (2025 est.)
female: 23% (2025 est.)
male: 30.8% (2025 est.)
female: 23% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
53.7% (2021 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP): 4.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 10% national budget (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 10% national budget (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 17 years (2022 est.)
male: 16 years (2022 est.)
female: 18 years (2022 est.)
male: 16 years (2022 est.)
female: 18 years (2022 est.)
Government25
Country name
conventional long form: Czech Republic
conventional short form: Czechia
local long form: Ceska republika
local short form: Cesko
etymology: name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the tribal name is said to come from an ancestral chief
conventional short form: Czechia
local long form: Ceska republika
local short form: Cesko
etymology: name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the tribal name is said to come from an ancestral chief
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital
name: Prague
geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the name may derive from the old Slavic word "praga" or "prah," meaning "threshold;" it could also be related to the same Slavic root word as the modern Czech "pražiti," a term for woodland cleared by burning
geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the name may derive from the old Slavic word "praga" or "prah," meaning "threshold;" it could also be related to the same Slavic root word as the modern Czech "pražiti," a term for woodland cleared by burning
Administrative divisions
13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)
Legal system
new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory
Constitution
history: previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993
amendment process: passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament
amendment process: passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Czechia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Czechia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state
President Petr PAVEL (since 9 March 2023)
head of government
Prime Minister Andrej BABIS (since 9 December 2025)
cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term
most recent election date
13-14 January 2023, with a second round on 27-28 January 2023
election results
2023: Petr PAVEL elected in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Petr PAVEL (independent) 35.4%, Andrej BABIS (ANO) 35%, Danuse NERUDOVA (Mayors and Independents) 13.9%, Pavel FISCHER (independent) 6.8%; percent of vote in the second round - Petr PAVEL 58.3%, Andrej BABIS 41.6%
2018: Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6%
expected date of next election
by January 2028
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament (Parlament)
legislative structure: bicameral
legislative structure: bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name
Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecka Snemovna)
number of seats
200 (all directly elected)
electoral system
proportional representation
scope of elections
full renewal
term in office
4 years
most recent election date
10/3/2025 to 10/4/2025
parties elected and seats per party
ANO (80); SPOLU (52); Mayors and independents (STAN) (22); Czech Pirate Party (18); Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) (15); Motoristé sobě (AUTO) (13)
percentage of women in chamber
33.5%
expected date of next election
October 2029
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name
Senate (Senat)
number of seats
81 (all directly elected)
electoral system
plurality/majority
scope of elections
partial renewal
term in office
6 years
most recent election date
9/20/2024 to 9/28/2024
parties elected and seats per party
Civic Democratic Party (ODS) (8); Christian Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU - CSL) (7); TOP 09 (3); ANO 2011 (3); Independents (2); Other (4)
percentage of women in chamber
21.3%
expected date of next election
September 2026
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; unlimited terms
subordinate courts: High Court; regional and district courts
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; unlimited terms
subordinate courts: High Court; regional and district courts
Political parties
Action of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO (Akce nespokojených občanů)
Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-ČSL
Civic Democratic Party or ODS
Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSČM
Czech Pirate Party or Piráti
ForMOST or ProMOST
Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD
Independents or NEZ
Mayors and Independents or STAN
Mayors for the Liberec Region or SLK
Přísaha
Senator 21 or SEN 21
Social Democracy SOCDEM
Svobodni
Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09
Tábor 2020 or T2020
United Democrats - Association of Independents or SD-SN
Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-ČSL
Civic Democratic Party or ODS
Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSČM
Czech Pirate Party or Piráti
ForMOST or ProMOST
Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD
Independents or NEZ
Mayors and Independents or STAN
Mayors for the Liberec Region or SLK
Přísaha
Senator 21 or SEN 21
Social Democracy SOCDEM
Svobodni
Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09
Tábor 2020 or T2020
United Democrats - Association of Independents or SD-SN
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission
Ambassador Miloslav STAŠEK (since 16 September 2022)
chancery
3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008-3803
telephone
[1] (202) 274-9100
FAX
[1] (202) 966-8540
email address and website
washington@embassy.mzv.cz
https://www.mzv.cz/washington/
consulate(s) general
Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission
Ambassador Nicholas MERRICK (since 23 October 2025)
embassy
Trziste 15, 118 01 Praha 1 - Mala Strana
mailing address
5630 Prague Place, Washington DC 20521-5630
telephone
[420] 257-022-000
FAX
[420] 257-022-809
email address and website
ACSPrg@state.gov
https://cz.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Independence
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
National holiday
Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)
Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the left side
National symbol(s)
silver (or white) double-tailed rampant lion
National color(s)
white, red, blue
National anthem(s)
title: "Kde domov muj?" (Where is My Home?)
lyrics/music: Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP
history: adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music for the play "Fidlovacka" (1834), but it soon became popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, and the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after Czechoslovakia was dissolved in 1993
lyrics/music: Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP
history: adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music for the play "Fidlovacka" (1834), but it soon became popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, and the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after Czechoslovakia was dissolved in 1993
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 17 (16 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Prague (c); Historic Telč (c); Historic Český Krumlov (c); Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (c); Historic Kutná Hora (c); Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc (c); Karlovy Vary Spa (c); Zatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops; Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops (n)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Prague (c); Historic Telč (c); Historic Český Krumlov (c); Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (c); Historic Kutná Hora (c); Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc (c); Karlovy Vary Spa (c); Zatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops; Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops (n)
Economy31
Economic overview
high-income, diversified EU economy; manufacturing-oriented exporter led by automotive industry; moderate growth driven by household consumption and investments, despite negative contribution from net exports; tight labor market with low unemployment; gained energy independence from Russian oil in April 2025
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $521.928 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $516.145 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $516.431 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $516.145 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $516.431 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 1.1% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: -0.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 2.8% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: -0.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 2.8% (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $48,000 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $47,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $48,400 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $47,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $48,400 (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$345.037 billion (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 2.4% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 10.7% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 15.1% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 10.7% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 15.1% (2022 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 1.5% (2024 est.)
industry: 30.2% (2024 est.)
services: 59.5% (2024 est.)
industry: 30.2% (2024 est.)
services: 59.5% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
44% (2023 est.)
government consumption
19.7% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital
27.3% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories
0.7% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services
69% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services
-64% (2023 est.)
Agricultural products
wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, triticale, pork, chicken (2023)
Industries
motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments
Industrial production growth rate
-1% (2024 est.)
Labor force
5.541 million (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2024: 2.6% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 2.6% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 2.3% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 2.6% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 2.3% (2022 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 8.4% (2024 est.)
male: 8.2% (2024 est.)
female: 8.6% (2024 est.)
male: 8.2% (2024 est.)
female: 8.6% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
10.2% (2021 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 25.9 (2022 est.)
Average household expenditures
on food: 15.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 7.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 7.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 3.8% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 21.8% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 21.8% (2022 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Budget
revenues: $94.01 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $106.07 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $106.07 billion (2022 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2016: 36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
12.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $6.047 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$432.727 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$13.644 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$432.727 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$13.644 billion (2022 est.)
Exports
Exports 2024: $239.259 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $236.103 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $219.419 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $236.103 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $219.419 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - partners
Germany 29%, Slovakia 7%, Poland 6%, France 5%, UK 5% (2023)
Exports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, computers, plastic products (2023)
Imports
Imports 2024: $216.741 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $219.09 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $216.042 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $219.09 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $216.042 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - partners
Germany 22%, China 17%, Poland 8%, Slovakia 5%, Italy 4% (2023)
Imports - commodities
broadcasting equipment, vehicle parts/accessories, cars, plastic products, computers (2023)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $146.281 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $148.379 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $139.981 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $148.379 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $139.981 billion (2022 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
koruny (CZK) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024
23.217 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
22.198 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
23.357 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
21.678 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020
23.21 (2020 est.)
Energy8
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 21.802 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 63.628 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 22.648 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 13.465 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 3.012 billion kWh (2023 est.)
consumption: 63.628 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 22.648 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 13.465 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 3.012 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels
45.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear
40.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar
4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind
0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity
2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste
7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 6 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 3.96GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 40% (2023 est.)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 3.96GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 40% (2023 est.)
Coal
production: 31.946 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 33.239 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 2.128 million metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 4.09 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 3.595 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 33.239 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 2.128 million metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 4.09 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 3.595 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 219,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 15 million barrels (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 219,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 15 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 163.333 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 6.499 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 6.812 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 3.964 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
consumption: 6.499 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 6.812 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 3.964 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 136.306 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications6
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 1.16 million (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 13.6 million (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 127 (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 127 (2024 est.)
Broadcast media
22 national TV stations, with 17 privately owned; publicly operated Czech Television has 5 national channels; over 350 TV channels, many through cable, satellite, and IPTV subscription services; 63 radio broadcasters operate over 80 radio stations, including 7 multiregional radio stations or networks; publicly owned broadcaster Czech Radio operates 4 national, 14 regional, and 4 Internet stations; both Czech Radio and Czech Television are partly financed through a license fee (2019)
Internet country code
.cz
Internet users
percent of population: 86% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 4.1 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2023 est.)
Transportation4
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
OK
Airports
252 (2025)
Heliports
107 (2025)
Railways
total: 9,548 km (2020) 3,242 km electrified
Military & Security7
Military and security forces
Czech Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Force, Special Forces (2025)
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2025: 2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 28,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Czech military has a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more recently acquired modern weapons and equipment from such suppliers as France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the US; its domestic defense industry produces such items as armored combat vehicles and light attack aircraft (2025)
Military service age and obligation
18-28 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished 2004 (2025)
Military deployments
up to 130 Lithuania (NATO); 130 Slovakia (NATO) (2024)
Military - note
the Czech military is responsible for national and territorial defense, assisting civil authorities during natural disasters or other emergencies, boosting border security alongside the police, participating in international peacekeeping operations, and supporting its collective security commitments to the EU and NATO, both of which Czechia considers pillars of its national security strategy; Czechia is a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, contributes to UN peacekeeping operations, and actively participates in EU military and security missions under the EU Common Security and Defense Policy; the Czech military has been an active member of NATO since the country joined in 2009 and participates in a variety of NATO’s collective defense missions, including contributing to the Enhanced Forward Presence in Eastern Europe, Baltic Air Policing operations, rapid response forces, and operations in Kosovo; it also exercises regularly with NATO partners and maintains close bilateral ties to a number of militaries particularly partner members of the Visegrad Group (Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and Germany
the military has commands for its land, air, cyber/information operations, and territorial forces, as well as a joint operations command and a separate special forces directorate; the Territorial Command is responsible for the active reserves and regional military commands that align with each of Czechia’s 13 regions and the capital, Prague (2025)
the military has commands for its land, air, cyber/information operations, and territorial forces, as well as a joint operations command and a separate special forces directorate; the Territorial Command is responsible for the active reserves and regional military commands that align with each of Czechia’s 13 regions and the capital, Prague (2025)
Transnational Issues1
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 392,198 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 5 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 588 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 5 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 588 (2024 est.)