Monaco
Principality of Monaco
Population
32.0K
Area
2 km²
GDP
$10.43B
GDP Per Capita
$270,100
Pop. Density
16,024/km²
Quick Facts
Currency
€euro(EUR)
Calling Code
+377
Timezone
UTC+01:00
Languages
French
Driving Side
right
Demonym
Monegasque
Background
Historical Trends
GDP (USD)
↑142.6% since 2006Population
↑20.5% since 2006Life Expectancy at Birth
Latest: 86.4 yearsData source: World Bank Open Data
Geography17
Location
Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Geographic coordinates
43 44 N, 7 24 E
Map references
Europe
Area
land: 2 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries
border countries: France 6 km
Coastline
4.1 km
Maritime claims
exclusive economic zone: 12 nm
Climate
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Terrain
hilly, rugged, rocky
Elevation
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
Natural resources
none
Land use
agricultural land
agricultural land: arable land
agricultural land: permanent crops
agricultural land: permanent pasture
forest
other
Irrigated land
0 sq km (2022)
Population distribution
the second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 sq km (0.8 sq mi)
Natural hazards
none
Geography - note
second-smallest independent state in the world (after the Holy See); smallest country with a coastline; almost entirely urban
People & Society27
Population
male: 15,467
female: 16,580
Nationality
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Ethnic groups
Monegasque 32.1%, French 19.9%, Italian 15.3%, British 5%, Belgian 2.3%, Swiss 2%, German 1.9%, Russian 1.8%, American 1.1%, Dutch 1.1%, Moroccan 1%, other 16.6% (2016 est.)
Languages
major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 90% (official), other 10%
Age structure
15-64 years: 53.8% (male 8,620/female 8,490)
65 years and over: 37.1% (2024 est.) (male 5,261/female 6,549)
Dependency ratios
youth dependency ratio: 16.6 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 72.1 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio: 1.4 (2025 est.)
Median age
male: 55 years
female: 58.4 years
Population growth rate
0.76% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
6.46 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.36 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
12.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 sq km (0.8 sq mi)
Urbanization
rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
39,000 MONACO (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
5 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male: 2 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 1.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
male: 86 years
female: 93.7 years
Total fertility rate
1.55 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.76 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 12% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
8.61 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Sanitation facility access
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% national budget): 7.7% national budget (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male: 20 years (2024 est.)
female: 22 years (2024 est.)
Government22
Country name
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principauté de Monaco
local short form: Monaco
etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)
Government type
constitutional monarchy
Capital
geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)
Administrative divisions
Legal system
civil law system influenced by French legal tradition
Constitution
amendment process: proposed by joint agreement of the chief of state (the prince) and the National Council; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of National Council members
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Monaco; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen and father unknown
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
head of government: Minister of State Christophe MIRMAND (since 21 July 2025)
cabinet: Council of Government under the authority of the monarch
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Legislative branch
legislature name
legislative structure
number of seats
electoral system
scope of elections
term in office
most recent election date
parties elected and seats per party
percentage of women in chamber
expected date of next election
Judicial branch
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court members appointed by the monarch upon the proposals of the National Council, State Council, Crown Council, Court of Appeal, and Trial Court
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Civil Court of First Instance
Political parties
Horizon Monaco
Priorite Monaco or Primo!
Union Monegasque
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission
chancery
telephone
FAX
email address and website
info@monacodc.org
https://monacodc.org/index.html
consulate(s) general
Diplomatic representation from the US
International organization participation
CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Independence
1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)
National holiday
National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)
Flag
history: uses the colors of the ruling House of Grimaldi; colors have been in use since 1339, making it one of the world's oldest national flags
National symbol(s)
red and white lozenges (diamond shapes)
National color(s)
red, white
National anthem(s)
lyrics/music: Louis NOTARI/Charles ALBRECHT
history: music adopted 1867, lyrics adopted 1931; only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as "Hymne Monegasque" (Monegasque Anthem); the words are usually only sung on official occasions
Economy14
Economic overview
high-income European economy; non-EU euro user; considered a tax haven; tourism and banking are largest sectors; negatively impacted by COVID-19; major oceanographic museum; among most expensive real estate; major state-owned enterprises
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $8.749 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $8.329 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 11% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2021: 22.2% (2021 est.)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2023: $256,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $226,100 (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$10.434 billion (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021: 2.1% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020: 0.5% (2020 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
services: 88.5% (2023 est.)
Agricultural products
none
Industries
banking, insurance, tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Exports - partners
Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Spain
(2021)Exports - commodities
jewelry, perfumes, watches, packaged medicines, cars (2021)
Imports - partners
Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Germany, China (2021)
Imports - commodities
jewelry, cars and vehicle parts, recreational boats, plastic products, artwork (2021)
Exchange rates
Currency
Exchange rates 2024
Exchange rates 2023
Exchange rates 2022
Exchange rates 2021
Exchange rates 2020
Energy1
Electricity access
Communications6
Telephones - fixed lines
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 107 (2024 est.)
Broadcast media
TV Monte-Carlo operates a TV network; cable TV available; Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy, with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s; other radio stations include Riviera Radio and Radio Monaco
Internet country code
.mc
Internet users
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2023 est.)
Transportation5
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
3A
Heliports
3 (2025)
Railways
Merchant marine
Ports
total ports
large
medium
small
very small
ports with oil terminals
key ports
Military & Security2
Military and security forces
no regular military forces; Prince’s Company of Carabiniers (Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince, Police Department (Direction de la Sûreté Publique), Fire and Emergency Service (Corps des Sapeurs-pompiers de Monaco) (2025)
Military - note
by treaty, France is responsible for defending the independence and sovereignty of Monaco