Slovakia
Slovak Republic
Europe Bratislava
Population
5.56M
Area
49,035 km²
GDP
$141.78B
GDP Per Capita
$40,300
Pop. Density
113/km²
Quick Facts
Currency
€euro(EUR)
Calling Code
+421
Timezone
UTC+01:00
Languages
Slovak
Driving Side
right
Demonym
Slovak
Background
Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. The Slovaks then became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. After the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (known as "Magyarization") led to a public backlash that boosted Slovak nationalism and strengthened Slovak cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who fell administratively under the Austrian half of the empire. When the Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved at the end of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939, in the wake of Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland, the newly established Slovak Republic became a German client state for the remainder of World War II.
After World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, Warsaw Pact troops invaded and ended the efforts of Czechoslovakia's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful Velvet Revolution swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009.
After World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, Warsaw Pact troops invaded and ended the efforts of Czechoslovakia's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful Velvet Revolution swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009.
Historical Trends
GDP (USD)
↑99.2% since 2006$71B (2006)$141B (2024)
Population
↑0.9% since 20065.4M (2006)5.4M (2024)
Life Expectancy at Birth
Latest: 78.0 years2006: 74.2 years2023: 78.0 years
Data source: World Bank Open Data
Geography19
Location
Central Europe, south of Poland
Geographic coordinates
48 40 N, 19 30 E
Map references
Europe
Area
total : 49,035 sq km
land: 48,105 sq km
water: 930 sq km
land: 48,105 sq km
water: 930 sq km
Area - comparative
about 1.5 times the size of Maryland; about twice the size of New Hampshire
Land boundaries
total: 1,587 km
border countries: Austria 105 km; Czechia 241 km; Hungary 627 km; Poland 517 km; Ukraine 97 km
border countries: Austria 105 km; Czechia 241 km; Hungary 627 km; Poland 517 km; Ukraine 97 km
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Terrain
rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
Elevation
highest point: Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m
lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m
mean elevation: 458 m
lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m
mean elevation: 458 m
Natural resources
lignite, small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land
Land use
agricultural land
38% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 27.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 10.4% (2023 est.)
forest
40.3% (2023 est.)
other
21.4% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
259 sq km (2022)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Dunaj (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
Natural hazards
flooding
Geography - note
landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys
People & Society33
Population
total: 5,563,649 (2024 est.)
male: 2,684,747
female: 2,878,902
male: 2,684,747
female: 2,878,902
Nationality
noun: Slovak(s)
adjective: Slovak
adjective: Slovak
Ethnic groups
Slovak 83.8%, Hungarian 7.8%, Romani 1.2%, other 1.8% (includes Czech, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Russian, German, Polish), unspecified 5.4% (2021 est.)
Languages
Languages: Slovak (official) 81.8%, Hungarian 8.5%, Roma 1.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)
major-language sample(s):
Svetova Kniha Faktov, nenahraditelny zdroj zakladnej informacie. (Slovak)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Svetova Kniha Faktov, nenahraditelny zdroj zakladnej informacie. (Slovak)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 55.8%, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession 5.3%, Greek Catholic 4%, Reformed Christian 1.6%, other 3%, none 23.8%, unspecified 6.5% (2021 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.3% (male 444,033/female 408,902)
15-64 years: 66.5% (male 1,834,359/female 1,867,158)
65 years and over: 18.1% (2024 est.) (male 406,355/female 602,842)
15-64 years: 66.5% (male 1,834,359/female 1,867,158)
65 years and over: 18.1% (2024 est.) (male 406,355/female 602,842)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 50.3 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 23 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 27.3 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3.7 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 23 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 27.3 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3.7 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 43.1 years (2025 est.)
male: 41.3 years
female: 44.4 years
male: 41.3 years
female: 44.4 years
Population growth rate
-0.07% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
9.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.18 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
Urbanization
urban population: 54% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
441,000 BRATISLAVA (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
0-14 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
27.2 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
male: 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 77.2 years (2024 est.)
male: 73.7 years
female: 81 years
male: 73.7 years
female: 81 years
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.77 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: urban
urban: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 14.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 14.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
3.7 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Hospital bed density
5.7 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.5% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 10.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 2.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 2.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 30.3% (2025 est.)
male: 34.5% (2025 est.)
female: 26.3% (2025 est.)
male: 34.5% (2025 est.)
female: 26.3% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
49.2% (2023 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP): 4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 11% national budget (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 11% national budget (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 15 years (2023 est.)
male: 15 years (2023 est.)
female: 16 years (2023 est.)
male: 15 years (2023 est.)
female: 16 years (2023 est.)
Government23
Country name
conventional long form: Slovak Republic
conventional short form: Slovakia
local long form: Slovenska republika
local short form: Slovensko
etymology: the country takes its name from the local Slav ethnic group; the origin of the group's name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)
conventional short form: Slovakia
local long form: Slovenska republika
local short form: Slovensko
etymology: the country takes its name from the local Slav ethnic group; the origin of the group's name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital
name: Bratislava
geographic coordinates: 48 09 N, 17 07 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the meaning is unclear but has medieval Slavic origins; the name was adopted in 1919 after Czechoslovakia gained its independence, replacing the name Prešporok
geographic coordinates: 48 09 N, 17 07 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the meaning is unclear but has medieval Slavic origins; the name was adopted in 1919 after Czechoslovakia gained its independence, replacing the name Prešporok
Administrative divisions
8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banska Bystrica, Bratislava, Kosice, Nitra, Presov, Trencin, Trnava, Zilina
Legal system
civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes
Constitution
history: several previous (pre-independence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992
amendment process: proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members
amendment process: proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovakia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovakia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state
President Peter PELLEGRINI (since 15 June 2024)
head of government
Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 25 October 2023)
cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following National Council elections, the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
most recent election date
23 March 2024, with a runoff on 6 April 2024
election results
2024: Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round; percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI 53.1%; Ivan KORCOK 46.9%; percent of vote in first round - Ivan KORCOK (independent) 42.5%; Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%; Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%;
2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
expected date of next election
2029
Legislative branch
legislature name
National Council (Narodna rada Slovenskej republiky)
legislative structure
unicameral
chamber name
National Council (Národná rada)
number of seats
150 (all directly elected)
electoral system
proportional representation
scope of elections
full renewal
term in office
4 years
most recent election date
9/30/2023
parties elected and seats per party
Smer - Social Democracy (Smer-SD) (42); Progressive Slovakia (PS) (32); Hlas (“Voice”) - SD (27); Coalition OĽaNO and Friends, 'For the People' and 'Christian Union' (16); Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) (12); Freedom and Solidarity (SaS) (11); Slovak National Party (SNS) (10)
percentage of women in chamber
23.3%
expected date of next election
September 2027
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 80 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of 13 judges organized into 3-judge panels)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judge candidates nominated by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, an 18-member self-governing body that includes the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential, governmental, parliamentary, and judiciary appointees; judges appointed by the president serve for life, subject to removal by the president at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges serve 12-year terms
subordinate courts: regional and district civil courts; Special Criminal Court; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judge candidates nominated by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, an 18-member self-governing body that includes the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential, governmental, parliamentary, and judiciary appointees; judges appointed by the president serve for life, subject to removal by the president at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges serve 12-year terms
subordinate courts: regional and district civil courts; Special Criminal Court; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit
Political parties
Direction - Social Democracy or SMER-SD
Freedom and Solidarity or SaS
Progressive Slovakia or PS
Republic
Slovakia
The Slovak National Party or SNS
The Christian Democratic Movement or KDH
Voice - Social Democracy or HLAS-SD
Freedom and Solidarity or SaS
Progressive Slovakia or PS
Republic
Slovakia
The Slovak National Party or SNS
The Christian Democratic Movement or KDH
Voice - Social Democracy or HLAS-SD
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission
Ambassador Andrej DROBA (since 16 December 2025)
chancery
3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone
[1] (202) 237-1054
FAX
[1] (202) 237-6438
email address and website
emb.washington@mzv.sk
https://www.mzv.sk/web/washington-en
consulate(s) general
New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission
Ambassador Gautam A. RANA (since 28 September 2022)
embassy
P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava
mailing address
5840 Bratislava Place, Washington DC 20521-5840
telephone
[421] (2) 5443-3338
FAX
[421] (2) 5441-8861
email address and website
consulbratislava@state.gov
https://sk.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Independence
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
National holiday
Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)
Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the national coat of arms (a red shield bordered in white, with a white double-barred cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius on top of three blue hills) is centered over the bands but offset to the left
meaning: white, blue, and red are the pan-Slav colors
meaning: white, blue, and red are the pan-Slav colors
National symbol(s)
double-barred cross (Cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius) over three peaks
National color(s)
white, blue, red
National anthem(s)
title: "Nad Tatrou sa blyska" (Storm Over the Tatras)
lyrics/music: Janko MATUSKA/traditional
history: adopted 1993; music based on an 1843 Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku" (She Was Digging a Well)
lyrics/music: Janko MATUSKA/traditional
history: adopted 1993; music based on an 1843 Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku" (She Was Digging a Well)
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 8 (6 cultural, 2 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica (c); Levoča, Spišský Hrad, and the Associated Cultural Monuments (c); Vlkolínec (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Bardejov Town (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (n); Wooden Churches of the Slovak Carpathians (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire - The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (c)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica (c); Levoča, Spišský Hrad, and the Associated Cultural Monuments (c); Vlkolínec (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Bardejov Town (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (n); Wooden Churches of the Slovak Carpathians (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire - The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (c)
Economy31
Economic overview
high-income EU and eurozone economy; manufacturing and exports led by automotive sector; growth supported by private consumption and public investment from EU funds, tempered by trade risks; increased taxes and withdrawal of energy subsidies contributing to rising but manageable inflation; strong labor demand and influx of foreign labor offsets aging workforce
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $218.762 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $214.343 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $209.794 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $214.343 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $209.794 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 2.1% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 2.2% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 0.4% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 2.2% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 0.4% (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $40,300 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $39,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $38,600 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $39,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $38,600 (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$141.776 billion (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 2.8% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 10.5% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 12.8% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 10.5% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 12.8% (2022 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 2% (2024 est.)
industry: 28.5% (2024 est.)
services: 60% (2024 est.)
industry: 28.5% (2024 est.)
services: 60% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
58.4% (2023 est.)
government consumption
20% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital
21.1% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories
-1.3% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services
91.3% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services
-89.8% (2023 est.)
Agricultural products
wheat, sugar beets, maize, milk, barley, rapeseed, sunflower seeds, potatoes, soybeans, pork (2023)
Industries
automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical
Industrial production growth rate
0.3% (2024 est.)
Labor force
2.779 million (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2024: 5.3% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 5.9% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 6.2% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 5.9% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 6.2% (2022 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 18.2% (2024 est.)
male: 20.1% (2024 est.)
female: 15% (2024 est.)
male: 20.1% (2024 est.)
female: 15% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
13.7% (2021 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 24.1 (2022 est.)
Average household expenditures
on food: 19.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 4.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 4.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.8% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 18.2% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 18.2% (2022 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 1.9% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Budget
revenues: $43.882 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $46.056 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $46.056 billion (2022 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2022: 64.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
19.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: -$3.895 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$1.169 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$11.126 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$1.169 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$11.126 billion (2022 est.)
Exports
Exports 2024: $120.355 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $122.04 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $114.519 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $122.04 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $114.519 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - partners
Germany 20%, Czechia 10%, Hungary 7%, USA 6%, Poland 6% (2023)
Exports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, video displays, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum (2023)
Imports
Imports 2024: $120.29 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $119.739 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $121.473 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $119.739 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $121.473 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - partners
Germany 16%, Czechia 14%, Poland 8%, China 7%, Hungary 6% (2023)
Imports - commodities
vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, cars, plastic products, insulated wire (2023)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $14.452 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $11.288 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $10.28 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $11.288 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $10.28 billion (2022 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024
0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020
0.876 (2020 est.)
Energy8
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 8.138 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 24.18 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 14.078 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 10.671 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 1.233 billion kWh (2023 est.)
consumption: 24.18 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 14.078 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 10.671 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 1.233 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 14.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 63.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 13.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 5.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 63.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 13.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 5.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 5 (2025)
Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 2.3GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 61.3% (2023 est.)
Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 3 (2025)
Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 2.3GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 61.3% (2023 est.)
Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 3 (2025)
Coal
production: 2.315 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 6.066 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 13,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 3.658 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 19 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 6.066 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 13,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 3.658 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 19 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 7,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 90,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 9 million barrels (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 90,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 9 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 46.585 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 4.277 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 4.56 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 14.158 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
consumption: 4.277 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 4.56 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 14.158 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 127.582 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications6
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 505,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 7.63 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 132 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 132 (2022 est.)
Broadcast media
state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), has 2 national TV stations; roughly 50 privately owned national, regional, and local TV stations; about 40% of households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; multiple RTVS national and regional radio networks; 32 privately owned radio stations
Internet country code
.sk
Internet users
percent of population: 90% (2024 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 1.83 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2023 est.)
Transportation4
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
OM
Airports
116 (2025)
Heliports
2 (2025)
Railways
total: 3,627 km (2020) 1,585 km electrified
Military & Security7
Military and security forces
Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Ground Forces (Slovenské Pozemné Sily), Air Forces (Slovenské Vzdušné Sily), Special Operations Forces (Sily Pre Speciálne Operácie)
Ministry of Interior: Slovak Police Force (SPF or Policajný Zbor) (2025)
Ministry of Interior: Slovak Police Force (SPF or Policajný Zbor) (2025)
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2025: 2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 17,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory is a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more modern/NATO-compatible armaments from suppliers such as Germany and the US (2025)
Military service age and obligation
minimum age is 18 for voluntary service for men and women; citizens 18-65 can volunteer for the military reserves (2026)
Military deployments
200 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (2025)
Military - note
the Slovak military is responsible for external defense and fulfilling Slovakia’s commitments to European and international security; Slovakia has been a member of both the EU and NATO since 2004; a key focus of the Slovak military is fulfilling the country’s security responsibilities to NATO, including modernizing and acquiring NATO-compatible equipment, participating in training exercises, and providing forces for security missions such as NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence in the Baltic States; since 2022, Slovakia has hosted a multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the NATO effort to boost the defenses of Eastern Europe since the Russian invasion of Ukraine; Slovakia also contributes to EU and UN peacekeeping missions
the Slovak Air Force has only a handful of fighter aircraft and is assisted by NATO’s air policing mission over Slovakia, which includes fighter aircraft from Czechia and Poland; in 2022, Slovakia signed a defense agreement with the US that allows the US to use two Slovak military air bases (2025)
the Slovak Air Force has only a handful of fighter aircraft and is assisted by NATO’s air policing mission over Slovakia, which includes fighter aircraft from Czechia and Poland; in 2022, Slovakia signed a defense agreement with the US that allows the US to use two Slovak military air bases (2025)
Transnational Issues1
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 144,349 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 65 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 65 (2024 est.)