Slovenia
Republic of Slovenia
Europe Ljubljana
Population
2.10M
Area
20,273 km²
GDP
$72.48B
GDP Per Capita
$48,500
Pop. Density
103/km²
Quick Facts
Currency
€euro(EUR)
Calling Code
+386
Timezone
UTC+01:00
Languages
Slovene
Driving Side
right
Demonym
Slovene
Background
The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, Slovenia became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia joined Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia as one of the constituent republics in the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). In 1990, Slovenia held its first multiparty elections, as well as a referendum on independence. Serbia responded with an economic blockade and military action, but after a short 10-day war, Slovenia declared independence in 1991. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen Area in 2007.
Historical Trends
GDP (USD)
↑85.9% since 2006$39B (2006)$73B (2024)
Population
↑6.0% since 20062.0M (2006)2.1M (2024)
Life Expectancy at Birth
Latest: 82.0 years2006: 78.1 years2023: 82.0 years
Data source: World Bank Open Data
Geography18
Location
south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia
Geographic coordinates
46 07 N, 14 49 E
Map references
Europe
Area
total : 20,273 sq km
land: 20,151 sq km
water: 122 sq km
land: 20,151 sq km
water: 122 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries
total: 1,211 km
border countries: Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km
border countries: Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km
Coastline
46.6 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Terrain
a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
Elevation
highest point: Triglav 2,864 m
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
mean elevation: 492 m
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
mean elevation: 492 m
Natural resources
lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests
Land use
agricultural land
30.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)
forest
61.8% (2023 est.)
other
10.8% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
50 sq km (2022)
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense
Natural hazards
flooding; earthquakes
Geography - note
despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes
People & Society33
Population
total: 2,097,893 (2024 est.)
male: 1,051,044
female: 1,046,849
male: 1,051,044
female: 1,046,849
Nationality
noun: Slovene(s)
adjective: Slovenian
adjective: Slovenian
Ethnic groups
Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)
Languages
Languages: Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian nationals reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian nationals reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.)
major-language sample(s):
Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Catholic 69%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 3%, Christian 1%, other 3%, atheist 14%, non-believer/agnostic 4%, refused to answer 2% (2019 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 14.3% (male 153,852/female 146,628)
15-64 years: 62.5% (male 683,573/female 627,788)
65 years and over: 23.2% (2024 est.) (male 213,619/female 272,433)
15-64 years: 62.5% (male 683,573/female 627,788)
65 years and over: 23.2% (2024 est.) (male 213,619/female 272,433)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 58.5 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 35.7 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 2.8 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 35.7 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 2.8 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 46 years (2025 est.)
male: 45 years
female: 47.9 years
male: 45 years
female: 47.9 years
Population growth rate
-0.16% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
7.52 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.2 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
2.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense
Urbanization
urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
29 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
male: 1.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 1.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 1.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 1.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 82.2 years (2024 est.)
male: 79.4 years
female: 85.2 years
male: 79.4 years
female: 85.2 years
Total fertility rate
1.49 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.73 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: total: total: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 8.8% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 15% of national budget (2022 est.)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 15% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
3.37 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: total: total: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.2% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 11.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 17.3% (2025 est.)
male: 19.3% (2025 est.)
female: 15.3% (2025 est.)
male: 19.3% (2025 est.)
female: 15.3% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
47.2% (2021 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP): 5.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 11.1% national budget (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 11.1% national budget (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 17 years (2023 est.)
male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 18 years (2023 est.)
male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 18 years (2023 est.)
Government25
Country name
conventional long form
Republic of Slovenia
conventional short form
Slovenia
local long form
Republika Slovenija
local short form
Slovenija
former
People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
etymology
the country's name means "Land of the Slavs" in Slovene; the origin of the Slav name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital
name: Ljubljana
geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word ljubljena, meaning "beloved," but the origin is probably pre-Slavic and remains obscure
geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word ljubljena, meaning "beloved," but the origin is probably pre-Slavic and remains obscure
Administrative divisions
200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 12 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina)
municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk
urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje
municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk
urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje
Legal system
civil law system
Constitution
history: previous 1974 (pre-independence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991
amendment process: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast
amendment process: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia
dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia
dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state
President Natasa PIRC MUSAR (since 23 December 2022)
head of government
Prime Minister Robert GOLOB (since 1 June 2022)
cabinet
Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly
election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); following National Assembly elections, the president usually nominates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, and the National Assembly elects the nominee
most recent election date
23 October 2022, with a runoff on 13 November 2022
election results
2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected president in second round: percent of vote in first round - Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30
2017: Borut PAHOR reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%
expected date of next election
2027
Legislative branch
legislative structure: bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name
National Assembly (Drzavni Zbor)
number of seats
90 (all directly elected)
electoral system
proportional representation
scope of elections
full renewal
term in office
4 years
most recent election date
4/24/2022
parties elected and seats per party
Freedom Movement (SVOBODA) (41); Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) (27); New Slovenia - Christian Democrats (NSi) (8); Social Democrats (SD) (7); Left (LEVICA) (5); Other (2)
percentage of women in chamber
35.6%
expected date of next election
April 2026
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name
National Council (Drzavni Svet)
number of seats
40 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections
full renewal
term in office
5 years
most recent election date
11/23/2022 to 11/24/2022
percentage of women in chamber
17.5%
expected date of next election
November 2027
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms
subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms
subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court
Political parties
Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS
Freedom Movement or GS (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ)
List of Marjan Sarec or LMS
New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi
Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)
Resni.ca
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS)
Slovenian National Party or SNS
Social Democrats or SD
The Left or Levica (successor to United Left or ZL)
Freedom Movement or GS (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ)
List of Marjan Sarec or LMS
New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi
Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)
Resni.ca
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS)
Slovenian National Party or SNS
Social Democrats or SD
The Left or Levica (successor to United Left or ZL)
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission
Ambassador Iztok MIROŠIČ (since 15 September 2023)
chancery
2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone
[1] (202) 386-6611
FAX
[1] (202) 386-6633
email address and website
sloembassy.washington@gov.si
http://www.washington.embassy.si/
consulate(s) general
Cleveland (OH)
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Brian GREANEY (since August 2025)
embassy
Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana
mailing address
7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140
telephone
[386] (1) 200-5500
FAX
[386] (1) 200-5555
email address and website
LjubljanaACS@state.gov
https://si.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Independence
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday
Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the Slovenian seal (a shield with Triglav, the country's highest peak, in white on a blue background) is at the center, with two wavy blue lines under it; three six-pointed stars in an inverted triangle appear on the upper-left
meaning: the wavy lines represent seas and rivers; the colors come from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the stars come from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje (a Slovene dynastic house)
meaning: the wavy lines represent seas and rivers; the colors come from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the stars come from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje (a Slovene dynastic house)
National symbol(s)
Mount Triglav
National color(s)
white, blue, red
National anthem(s)
title: "Zdravljica" (A Toast)
lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL
history: adopted in 1989; originally written in 1848; only the seventh verse of the poem is used as the anthem
lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL
history: adopted in 1989; originally written in 1848; only the seventh verse of the poem is used as the anthem
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Škocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almadén and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Škocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almadén and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)
Economy31
Economic overview
high-income EU and eurozone economy; high per-capita income and low inequality; key exports in automotive and pharmaceuticals; tight labor market with low unemployment; growth supported by private consumption and public investment, with risks from tight labor market and trade conditions; narrowing fiscal deficit and declining public debt
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $103.118 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $101.503 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $99.403 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $101.503 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $99.403 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 1.6% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 2.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 2.7% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 2.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 2.7% (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $48,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $47,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $47,100 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $47,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $47,100 (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$72.485 billion (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 2% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 7.4% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 8.8% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 7.4% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 8.8% (2022 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 1.5% (2024 est.)
industry: 28.8% (2024 est.)
services: 58.2% (2024 est.)
industry: 28.8% (2024 est.)
services: 58.2% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
52.3% (2023 est.)
government consumption
19.2% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital
21.3% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories
0.9% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services
83.3% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services
-76.8% (2023 est.)
Agricultural products
milk, maize, wheat, barley, grapes, chicken, potatoes, beef, apples, pork (2023)
Industries
ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
Industrial production growth rate
1.8% (2024 est.)
Labor force
1.058 million (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2024: 3.4% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 3.7% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 4.1% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 3.7% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 4.1% (2022 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 9.4% (2024 est.)
male: 10.6% (2024 est.)
female: 7.9% (2024 est.)
male: 10.6% (2024 est.)
female: 7.9% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
12.7% (2022 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 24.3 (2022 est.)
Average household expenditures
on food: 13.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 4.2% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 20.7% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 20.7% (2022 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Budget
revenues: $28.874 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures: $30.714 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures: $30.714 billion (2023 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2017: 73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
20.3% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $3.231 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $3.093 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$617.374 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $3.093 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$617.374 million (2022 est.)
Exports
Exports 2024: $59.159 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $57.66 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $56.51 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $57.66 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $56.51 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - partners
Switzerland 22%, Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Croatia 8%, Austria 6% (2023)
Exports - commodities
packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)
Imports
Imports 2024: $54.583 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $53.309 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $55.158 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $53.309 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $55.158 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - partners
Switzerland 17%, China 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 9%, Austria 6% (2023)
Imports - commodities
nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $2.832 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $2.37 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $2.268 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $2.37 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $2.268 billion (2022 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024
0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020
0.876 (2020 est.)
Energy8
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 4.739 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 12.953 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 10.62 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 9.114 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 774.138 million kWh (2023 est.)
consumption: 12.953 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 10.62 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 9.114 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 774.138 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 31.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 31.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.7GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 36.8% (2023 est.)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.7GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 36.8% (2023 est.)
Coal
production: 2.44 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 2.309 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 866,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 95 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 2.309 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 866,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 95 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 4 bbl/day (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 44,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 44,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Natural gas
production: 4.014 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 811.395 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 11.387 million cubic meters (2018 est.)
imports: 810.948 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 811.395 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 11.387 million cubic meters (2018 est.)
imports: 810.948 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 104.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications6
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 647,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 2.73 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2022 est.)
Broadcast media
public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 commercial TV stations; about 60% of households connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster with 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations
Internet country code
.si
Internet users
percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 683,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2023 est.)
Transportation6
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
S5
Airports
42 (2025)
Heliports
4 (2025)
Railways
total: 1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified
Merchant marine
total: 8 (2023)
by type: other 8
by type: other 8
Ports
total ports
2 (2024)
large
0
medium
0
small
1
very small
1
ports with oil terminals
0
key ports
Koper, Piran
Military & Security7
Military and security forces
Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): structured as a combined force with air, land, maritime, and special operations components
Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)
Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2025: 2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 6,000 active military personnel (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory is a mix of Soviet/Cold War-era and smaller quantities of more modern, mostly Western equipment; Slovenia is in the midst of a modernization program to replace its Soviet-era equipment with NATO-standard European and US systems (2025)
Military service age and obligation
18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; recruits sign up for 3-, 5-, or 10-year service contracts; no conscription (2026)
Military deployments
110 Kosovo (NATO); up to 200 Slovakia (NATO) (2025)
Military - note
the Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska or SV) are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, deterring external threats, and contributing to European security and other international peacekeeping missions; the SV is also active in civil-military cooperation, such as the maintenance of local infrastructure; Slovenia has been a member of the EU and NATO since 2004, and one of the SV’s key missions is fulfilling the country’s commitments to NATO, including equipment modernization, participating in training exercises, and contributing to NATO operations; the SV provides troops to NATO’s efforts to enhance its presence in the Baltics (Latvia) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia); it has also participated in other international security missions with small numbers of personnel in such places as Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East; NATO allies Hungary and Italy provide air policing for Slovenia
the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People’s Army during the 10-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991 (2025)
the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People’s Army during the 10-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991 (2025)
Transnational Issues1
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 13,369 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 10 (2023 est.)
stateless persons: 10 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 10 (2023 est.)
stateless persons: 10 (2024 est.)